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Is America No Longer "Land of Opportunity"?

Moving back to where the entrepreneurial grass is greener, 72 percent of Indian and 81 percent of Chinese entrepreneurs said the opportunity to start a business was better in their home countries than in the United States.

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Majority of Indian and Chinese entrepreneurs say opportunity to start a business is better in their home countries.Large numbers of immigrant entrepreneurs are moving back to their countries to start and run businesses, according to a new study by the Kauffman Foundation. Surprisingly, more than 60 percent of Indian and 90 percent of Chinese respondents cited the availability of economic opportunities in their home countries as a very important factor in their move.

In addition, 72 percent of Indian and 81 percent of Chinese respondents said the opportunity to start a business was better or much better in their countries than in America. A mere 14 percent of Indian and 5 percent of Chinese entrepreneurs believed opportunities for them had been better in the United States.

The study of 264 Indian and Chinese entrepreneurs who had studied and/or worked in the United States and returned home to start businesses was conducted by a team of Duke University, UC-Berkeley and Harvard researchers. They found two other major considerations in moving back: family ties and access to local markets. Seventy-six percent of Indians and 51 percent of Chinese ranked family ties as very important motivations to return home, while 78 percent of Chinese and 53 percent of Indian respondents said local markets were very important considerations. More than 60 percent of Indians and 51 percent of Chinese respondents rated pride in contributing to their home country's economic development as very important.

Indian respondents cited lower operating costs as the most common advantage to entrepreneurs in their country, while Chinese respondents cited access to local markets as their strongest common advantage. The only advantage they cited to operating in the United States was salary: Sixty-four percent of Indian and 43 percent of Chinese respondents said their salaries were better in the United States.

The researchers call this phenomenon more of a "brain circulation" than a "brain drain," with "potential benefit to both the United States and these emerging economies," since most of the entrepreneurs who moved back maintained strong ties with the United States. The survey states, "We have seen this positive dynamic at work in the relationships between entrepreneurs and institutions in Taiwan and Israel and Silicon Valley: Each benefits from participation in the decentralized, cross-regional collaborations that support innovation in today's global economy."

The study also issued a warning: "This is a lesson the United States can learn from China and India: Regions that support entrepreneurial experimentation will remain important nodes in today's global economy. Since individual entrepreneurs lack the incentive or the ability to preserve the wider economic environment, when competitive conditions change they can either move to where the 'grass' is greener or work with the public sector to ensure that it encourages future generations of entrepreneurs."

Tags: Chinese entrepreneurs, immigrant entrepreneurs, Indian entrepreneurs, Kauffman Foundation, News

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